Tianjin is a metropolis in Northeastern China. It is governed as a directly-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is thus under direct administration of the central government. It borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality and is bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. At the end of 2009, the population of Tianjin Municipality was 12.28 million, of which 9.8 million were residential holders of Tianjin. In terms of urban population, it is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area ranks 5th in the nation. The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 750 billion Yuan (US$110 billion) in 2009, a year-on-year increase of 16.5%. Tianjin is also an important industrial base. Major industries include petrochemical industries, textiles, car manufacturing, mechanical industries, and metalworking. Tianjin Tanggu Marine High-Tech Development Area was established in 1992, and was upgraded to the nationa